Diabetes Mellitus Test and Diagnosis:

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of disorders produced due to complete lack of Insulin or insufficient Insulin production, resulting in high abnormal levels of blood glucose which leads to polyurea (Increase frequency of urine) increase thirst and weight loss.

History and physical examination are most important tools for diagnosing diabetes Mellitus.

• Urine sugar test
• Urine ketones test
• OGTT-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, (also called glucose challenge test)
• Fasting Blood glucose tests – A must test as it is easy and comfortable to perform. Between 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl is called a Pre-diabetes or impaired fasting glucose condition and above 126mg/dl on more than two occasions indicates Diabetes
• FPG-Fasting plasma glucose Test
• Random plasma glucose Test

Tests for ongoing monitoring of diabetes control:
HbA1c blood test - an average blood sugar measure over about 3 months.
Fructosamine blood test - an average blood sugar measure over about 2 weeks

Other Tests for detecting diabetes:
• Glycosylated hemoglobin Test or HB A1 Test: It shows your blood sugar control during the past 2 to 3 months. For normal individuals, a good hemoglobin A-1-c is 7 percent.

• Intravenous GTT: This test is performed in individuals who have intestinal disease or mal-absorption.

• Extended GTT: In this the oral Glucose Tolerance Test is extended to 3-4 hours rather than 2 hours, for appearance of symptoms of hyperglycemia.

In short if your fasting blood glucose is more than 126mg/dl on two or more days, or your random blood glucose is above 200mg/dl or your oral glucose tolerance test is positive i.e 2 hours blood glucose value between above 200mg/dl after 75gm of glucose, then you are suffering from Diabetes Mellitus.

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